We get how confusing roofing can get, especially with so many elements and factors to consider.
To make things nice and simple, we've created this simple guide to roof rafters. We deconstruct everything you need to know about them, like how they work, types of rafters, common mistakes to avoid, and loads more.
Check it out below!
What Are Roof Rafters & How Do They Work?
To put it simply, roof rafters are individual beams, usually made of timber that gets cut on site, which make up the frame of a roof. They attach to the ridge board and ceiling joist, giving a roof its slope while also providing a structure for the roof covering to attach to.
Rafters basically work as supports that keep everything together, especially in vaulted ceilings. The way they are evenly positioned apart helps with transferring vertical loads, like the weight from cement roof tiles, wind, and snow, while also preventing sagging and structural damage to your roof. The basic rule of thumb with rafters is the closer together they are, the more load they can bear.
Why Your House Needs Roof Rafters
In roof framing, rafters are a holy grail that provide support and reinforced strength. Not only do they keep a roof together and help with load bearing, but they also help architects achieve unique roof shapes, making them equally functional as they are aesthetically beneficial. And when it comes to creating storage room in your attic space, they are a key ingredient.
Types of Roof Rafters
If you thought there's just one kind of roof rafter out there, think again!
There's actually a variety of them, each offering its own unique qualities and purpose. Here's a rundown of the different rafters you can get:
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Common Rafters: Used mainly for traditional stick framing, these are the most basic type of rafters, and the most popular.
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Hip Rafters: These run diagonally from the ridge to the external corners of the roof. You'll typically see them in hip and gable roofs.
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Principal Rafters: In traditional timber roof framing, it's pretty likely that you'll come across these load-bearing rafters. They deliver much more strength and thickness than a common rafter, so they're ideal for specialist roofs with heavier materials, while also being tough enough to handle high winds and excessive snowfall.
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Curved Roof Rafters: Either having a slight curve or a maxi curve, these uniquely shaped rafters are a go-to in contemporary architecture, where dome-like roof construction is the goal.
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Exposed Rafters: Left out under the eaves or inside (like in vaulted ceilings), these visible rafters create a rustic farmhouse look, serving as both an interior statement and functional roof framing support.
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Valley Rafters: These go diagonally from the ridge all the way to the valley where two roof slopes meet. They are essentially the opposite of hip rafters and work exceptionally well at channelling water runoff, making them perfect for areas that get lots of rainfall.
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Jack Rafters: Either connecting to a hip rafter or valley rafter, these rafters are shorter and act as gap fillers that add extra strength to roof designs.
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Portal Frame Rafters: Warehouses, like commercial buildings, favour these rafters. They usually feature a steel or timber portal frame structure. They offer wide, open space without internal support, allowing for much more attic room.
Key Considerations for Choosing Roof Rafters
There's a lot of important stuff to think about when choosing roof rafters for your project.
You need to ensure the rafters you pick match the type of roof structure and framing you're going for. When in doubt, ask a pro roofer and/or architect to make sure you pick the right type.
If you've already chosen a tile for your roof, consider whether the rafters you've gone for will be able to support it. Remember: ceramic and slate tiles tend to be heavier.
And of course, building codes and regulations differ depending on where you live, so always double check what is required. In some cases, areas that get harsh weather, like heavy snowfall or high winds will likely have stricter rafter spacing requirements.
Don't Make These Common Mistakes!
Our experts have gathered all the common mistakes they see in roof construction when installing rafters, to help you avoid them and get it right the first time.
First off is rafter spacing. It's pretty common for people to slip up on accuracy and get rafter spacing wrong, which can lead to significant structural flaws. Even the smallest difference will have a major impact on the final roof frame, so always measure and measure again!
The quality of lumber or wood you pick also makes all the difference. The better the quality, the longer-lasting and stronger your roof structure will be, so investing in premium materials is certainly worth it and will save you big bucks in the long run.
Accounting for water runoff is another essential consideration. Too often, people forget to configure how water will flow off the roof surface, which can result in pooling, leaks, and mould growth, all of which wreak havoc on your roof and home.
And finally, corners have got to be reinforced with quality hip rafters. Any loose ends risk the roof structure collapsing.
Completing Your Roof Project the Right Way
After all the hard work is done, and your rafters are up, it's important to remember the final touches on your roof, like flashing, protective coatings, and roof repair. These all contribute to your roof's overall resilience and longevity.
For all the essential roofing supplies, Roof Stuff is your one-stop shop. Our online collection offers the best brands in the business, like Wakaflash, RapidRidge, FastFix, and loads more.
Shop everything online at Roof Stuff today!
Frequently Asked Questions
What's the Difference Between Roof Rafters and Trusses?
The key differences between roof rafters and trusses are their construction and purpose in the roof structure.
Roof rafters are custom designs that are usually fitted on site, so the construction time should always be considered in your project timeline. They're designed to connect exterior walls and support the weight of the roof covering, whereas trusses are pre-made structures that provide a frame for the roof structure.
Can I Install Roof Rafters Myself?
Roof rafters can certainly be installed by DIY-keen homeowners, but it's definitely one of the more advanced and tricky jobs to do yourself in roofing.
What Material Are Roof Rafters Made of?
That depends on the type of roof you're building. Most homes have timber rafters, whereas commercial buildings and cathedral ceilings usually have steel rafters.